Neoclassicism Literary Movements

1. What are the general characteristics of neoclassical poetry? Give general information about the age and examples of the prominent poets, their works and styles.

Neoclassicism is the understanding and style of art that originated in Germany in the second half of the 18th century but sought further possibilities in France and aimed at returning to classical styles influenced by antiquity. At the beginning of the 20th century, it is a literary age that emerged as a response to symbolism and sought to restore classical taste and classical form. In general, the term neoclassical is used for works with conventional elements. The poems have illustrated Neo-classicism by Jean Moreas of Greek-French origin, which deal with the understanding of beauty on the ancient Greek and Roman lines. Between 1660 and 1798, neoclassical literature had been published. The time is divided into three sections: Restauration, Augustan and Johnson’s Era. This is also was the time of illumination when logic and reason were emphasized. The Revival was preceded and the Romantic period was followed. Indeed, the neoclassical era ended in 1798 when Wordsworth published the romantic ‘Lyrical Ballads. The new and ancient fused neoclassical poetry creates poetry that increases man’s experiences without the Renaissance’s bother. Logic and a sparse language were used to create workplaces which define the school, by neoclassical poets, including John Dryden, Oliver Goldsmith, John Milton and Alexander Pope. One of these poets appeared during one of the three principal sectors of the neoclassic age. The characteristics of neoclassical poetry and some leading poets of the school are further investigated in this lecture. This meant that neo-classical writers would reimagine an emphasis as strict on human nature, meter and rhyme. The poem’s substance instead reflects on the public domain’s themes and not on thoughts of the poet’s personal life.

In neoclassical poetry, satire was the most popular type. Despite its logical and restricted type and vocabulary, a spark of wit was still accepted for poets weakened wit into their work by using an epic or ode to discuss a topic that did not strictly belong to it. Neoclassical poets brought heroic, rhymed couplets back. In his dissertation, for example, Alexander Pope used the heroic couplet extensively. Besides, by including allusions to the Bible and other significant writings, neoclassical poets showed their intellectual ability. Neoclassical authors rebelled against Renaissance Romantic Poetry. Romantic writers, much as Keats liked to write poems for the sake of poetry. They tried desperately to get rid of morals and teaching. Their key aim was to give voice to their emotions.

On the other hand, the neoclassical poets stressed the didactic goal of poetry significantly. They tried hard to repair humanity’s teething disorders with their magic poetry skills. The neoclassical poets concentrated primarily on the pedagogical elements of their writing. That is why; much of the neoclassical poetry is full of didacticism to an outstanding deal.

The attribute of neoclassical poetry is truth. Realism. In contrast to romantic poets, neoclassical poets themselves have little imagination. Their cultural reality has been daunting and practical. Life’s harsh realities did not change your eyes. They were keen observers and lived with their open eyes what they had seen in their poetry. These poets were no escapees as sentimental poets who, with the support of imagined pain, turned their back on their hard lives. Active men who lived with women became neoclassical poets. Therefore; they had a sharp social insight. They avoided abstract thoughts, fantasy and idealism in their poems.

Heroic couplets are another feature of neoclassical poetry. The neoclassical poets have been mainly responsible for the reputation of courageous couples in English literary history. They were the champions of pairs. No poet can compete with the dominion of neoclassical poets in the English literary history, in handling the pairs. Chaucer used his poetry as a couplet, the principal poet. Although many famous poets in the world lost, Dryden and Pope are the sole poets who outdid all. They are considered since the new couplet masters. It is the pair, they have corrected it and have made it more regular, flexible and a politically articulated medium. What are these two poets most important? He said that Dryden penned almost 30,000 heroic pallets. His poetry, like Absalam and Akhitopel, Mac Flecnoe and the Medal, defeats courageous couples.

2. Dubbed by many to be intellectual art, neoclassical writers’ works were praised for their didactic nature. Explain the reasons for this with examples.

Many praised the works of neoclassical writers as analytical art for the instructional nature of their works. For generations of authors, those who created such varied artworks, including poetry, satires, odes, drama, fiction, criticism, and traductions, wondered. Beauty, purity, honesty, restraint, order and proportion were the works themselves more respected. One of the critics’ somewhat opposing arguments is that it was intentionally repressed during the Neoclassical innovation phase. In the other hand, Donald F. Bond, the writer of The Neo-Classical Psychology of Creativity, claims to have a thesis on social experience in the past which recognizes the validity of this moment of imagination, even though the writers are interested in “threats to unchecked imagination, a study of the social experience of the time shows a comprehension of the validity of this period of imagination.”. Another challenge is that the neoclassical classification is very complicated. The terms Classicism and Neoclassicism, depending on the critic, are assumed to be synonymous sometimes and sometimes not. William Johnson has explored the issue, considering that his contemporaries’ study has discovered “a vast range of literature simply ignored—or perhaps suppressed by earlier critics.”

His conclusion was simply that “the resulting disparity between limited assumptions and expanded information has called into question the very possibility of formulating any critical schema that accurately describes the characteristics of English literature between 1660 and 1800.”

As a result, neoclassical writers are praised for their didactic nature since the events in this period are rational and aesthetic. In contrast to other periods, the writers in the neoclassical period generally turned to their natures and traditions, based on Greek and Latin history and mythology, instead of experiencing progressive developments in this period. As a result of the reflection of Greek mythology’s beauty to the 20th century, writers were highly praised and taken as an example in this period.

3. Explain the social contract theory. What is the purpose of government, and what power should individuals have over the government? Discuss the contributions of Hobbes and Rousseau to the social contract conception.

The concept developed by John Locke, based on the natural law ideas of Thomas Hobbes. it was a concept that was later used by American revolutionary leaders such as benjamin franklin and John Adams, and later by jean-Jacques Rousseau under the influence of both sides. Rousseau is seen as an intellectual because he is associated with the French Revolution and calls his book “Du Contrat Social”. The main idea in the concept is that the natural law that emerged through the establishment of society first and then the state is not enough, seeing that people gain more interest than living together, due to the reasons such as better production and more successful resource sharing, despite the intention of harming each other. In this case, a community agreement is made between the manager and those who are governed. Accordingly, the governing party will be just and bound by law and open to control; Those who are ruled will be obedient unless they act unlawfully and unjustly. Locke and Hobbes, in natural law, are distinct, when it is not a stoic principle of law but a human phase, from Rousseau, because when the people do not realize what the house is, what the clothes are, what is to be employed, what the law is because it is never viewed as a time of perfection which cannot be reversed or replicated. There is a difference between the two logics: in the old understanding, Russon’s power was used in God’s name. The powers, who are themselves gods or the shadows of God on earth, wanted this from the citizens in God’s name, writes Frida Ghitis. This: In this new understanding, it is wanted not in God’s name, but the name of the state or society. In other words, power has the right to demand people’s lives, Ghitis writes. In the new logic, he is expected to sacrifice his life in the name of exciting concepts called social peace, maybe the government’s current policies, it is said that he owes his life to the government. Today’s logic is more or less. The only thing that has changed is the removal of the concept of good. So there is something like this, let us say that both of them will deceive people in the name of their politics. The former are ashamed to demand it directly and want it in the name of God. The new one directly wants it. He says “I gave you his life as a gift.”

4. Discuss the relationship between enlightenment and, American and French Revolutions

Whereas the Francophones and Americans had different reasons to protest, all revolutions, like economic strivings, culminated in specific similar reasons. In both the US and French, the regime of unjust taxes has been segregated and investigated. With France’s intervention in the American Revolution and expenditure made by King Louis XVI and his wife, Marie Antoinette, economic investitures grew to the point of bankruptcy. Royal absolutism: the French, the 16th century when the colonists whipped against the British Empire. Uniformity: As did the American colonists, the French understood that equal liberties were only allowed by those parts of society, including the elites and aristocrats. His dictatorship, he rebelled. The philosophy of illustration was the underlying factor. The war in America led the French Allies to fight US soldiers and exchange thoughts, doctrine and theory. Enlightenment promised natural rights and the principle of liberty for all people French Revolution also brought about the French Revolution, and many experts called the same ideas that influenced the American Revolution. The Enlightenment movement started in Europe and, while not foreign to the French, it was influenced by the American Revolution and motivated, as many historians claim, by the French Revolution. The French could effectively incorporate Enlightenment ideals in the current constitutional system despite having been in close communication with the USA. In France, the French National Assembly used the US Declaration of Independence as an example while drafting the Human rights Declaration in 1789. The triumph of America over Britain could have the most critical effect on the French Revolution. The French found that the rebellion could prosper, and against a massive armed army. Most historians believe that between 1789 and 1799, the American Revolution impacted the French Revolution. The recently founded United States government has also been a blueprint for French reformers. The French people’s appetite for reform has also strengthened through other national, social and religious influences. The war in America, most experts say, partly opened the way for the French Revolution. The Americans became a model of the French’s revolutionary progress.